X-height: The distance between the baseline and the height of the lowercase letter ‘x’. Uppercase: A typecase containing capital letters. Terminal: A circular form at the end of the arm, leg or brow in letters. Stroke: A straight or curved line that creates the principal part of a letter. Small Capital: Short capital letters designed to blend with lowercase text. Serif: A stroke added to the beginning or end of one of the main strokes of a letter. Stem: A main stroke that is more or less straight, not part of a bowl. Spine: The main curved stroke of a lowercase or capital letter. Shoulder: A curved stroke originating from a stem. Lowercase: A smaller form of letters in a typeface. Ligature: Two or more letters tied into a single character. © Daniel Skrok and Interaction Design Foundation, CC BY-SA 3.0 Anatomy of Type TermsĪperture: The partially enclosed space of a letterform.Īscender: An upward vertical stroke that extends beyond the x-height.īaseline: The invisible line on which all letters rest.īowl: The generally round or elliptical forms which are the basic body shape of letters.Ĭap height: The distance from the baseline to the top of the capital letter.Ĭounter: The white space enclosed by a letterform.Ĭross bar: The horizontal stroke in letters.ĭescender: A downward vertical stroke that extends beyond the baseline.ĭot: Also known as a tittle, is a small diacritic on a lowercase i or j.Įye: The closed counter of a lowercase e.įinial: A tapered or curved end on a letterform. Understanding all these terms can be a bit confusing, so we’ve created a comprehensive list that will help guide you through the common anatomy of type terms.
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